What are Algae?
Introduction to Algae
Algae are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that can be found in various water resources, including brackish, sea, and wastewater unsuitable for cultivating agricultural crops. They play a significant role in ecosystems and can help in the treatment and purification of wastewater by utilizing the nutrients present in it.
Growth Modes of Algae
Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis by converting sunlight, CO2, and a few nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorus, into biomass. This growth mode is known as “autotrophic” growth. Some algae can also grow in the dark using sugar or starch, referred to as “heterotrophic” growth. Others can combine both modes, which is termed “mixotrophic” growth.
Diversity and Importance
Algae are extremely diverse and found almost everywhere on the planet. They play an essential role in many ecosystems, particularly in aquatic food chains, supporting fisheries in oceans and inland water bodies. Remarkably, algae are responsible for producing about 70% of the air we breathe, highlighting their significance in the environment.